Gens:

KINGDOM OF OSRHOENE (EDESSA) (SEPTIMIUS)

Created:

4th October 2021

Update:

4th October 2021

Imperial Family / Cognomen

Consular

Septimius Mannus, Septimius Abgarus,

Senatorial

Septimius Mannus

Imperial Consuls

plus king Ma'nu IX received the ornamenta consularia.

Notes:

Osrhoene (Osroene) in Upper Mesopotamia with capital at Edessa under Abgarid dynasty. Name derives from Orhai/Orhay, the Syriac name of Edessa.

The king list derives from Pseudo-Dionysios from Tell Mahrê (also called the Chronicle of Zuqnin) written in 775 AD as interpreted by Gutschmid and later historians and

modified by the chronicle of Elias bar Sinnaya (metropolitan of Nisibis, lived 975-after 1047 dealing with the rulers from Abgar Ukkama onwards) from c.1019

as interpreted by Anders Luther. Data in red are based on Luther.

Three (two) Roman senators named Septimius Mannus (S464, S465 and S466) from the 3rd century could be descendents of the royal Abgarid family. They are at the

bottom of the stemma with references.

Literature

Babelon, E.: "Numismatique d'Edesse en Mesopotamie,", in Melanges numismatiques", 2eme serie, Paris, 1893, p.215-216 kinglist

Bellinger, A.R. and Welles, C.B.: "A Third-Century Contract of Sale from Edessa in Osrhoene", in Yale Claasical Studies vol.5, 1935, p.95-155,

especially section "The Choronology of Edessa", by Bellinger p.142-154. (confirms that Abgar VIII 165-167 does not exist)

Coskun, Altay: "Amici Populi Romani", in http://www.altaycoskun.com/apr

Drijvers, Hendrik Jan Willem: "Hatra, Palmyra, und Edessa", in ANRW 2, Band 8, 1977, p.863-896

Drijvers, Han J.W. and Healey, John F.: "The Old Syriac Inscriptions of Edessa and Osrhoene. Texts, Translations and Commentary (HdO 1, 42)", Leiden 1999.

Eder, Walter and Renger, Johannes: "Brill's Chronologies of the Ancient World , New Pauly Names, Dates and Dynasties", New Pauly Supplement I,Leiden, 2007, p.108-109

Gawlikowski Michal: "The last Kings of Edessa", in Orientalia Christiana Analecta 256, 1998, p.421-428

Gutschmid, Alfred von:"Untersuchungen uber die Geschichte des Koenigreichs Osroëne", St. Petersburg, 1887 p.48-49 kinglist

Luther, Andreas.: "Abgar Prahates filius rex (CIL VI, 1797) ", in Le Muséon vol.111, 1998, p.345-357

Luther, Andreas.: "Die ersten Könige von Osrhoene", in Klio 81.2, 1999, p.437-454 (revised kinglist based on the chronicle of Elias bar Sinnaya, marked in red.

The title of the rulers seems to have been Marya (Lord) before c.33 BC / 25 AD)

Luther, Andreas.: "Elias von Nisibis und die Chronologie der edessenischen Könige",in Klio 81.1, 1999, p.180-198

Luther, Andreas: "Nordmesopotamien und Rom. Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Königreiche Osrhoene und Hatra (ca. 130 v. Chr. bis ca. 250 n. Chr.)",

Unpublizierte Habilitationsschrift, Freie Universität Berlin 2000. [NOT AVAILABLE TO ME]

Millar, Fergus: "The Roman Near East, 31 BC - AD 337", Cambridge: Harvard, 1993, p.472-478 561-562 (kinglist)

Ramelli, Ilaria: "Abgar Ukkāmā e Abgar il Grande alla luce di recenti apporti storiografici", in Aevum 78.1, 2004, p.103-108

Ross, Steven K.: "Roman Edessa, Politics and culture on the eastern fringes of the Roman Empire, 114–242 CE", London, 2001

Ross, Steven K.: "The Last King of Edessa: New Evidence from the Middle Euphrates", in ZPE Bd. 97, 1993, p.187-206

Segal, J.B.: “ABGAR,” Encyclopædia Iranica, I/2, online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/abgar-dynasty-of-edessa-2nd-century-bc-to-3rd-century-ad

Settipani, Christian: "Nos ancêtres de l'Antiquité ", Paris, 1991 (ebook), p.80 (stemma showing connections to kings of Armenia and Adiabene)

Sullivan, Richard D.: "Near Eastern Royalty and Rome 100-30 BC", University of Toronto Press 1990, section on Osrhoene p.106-107 and 374

Teixidor, Javier: "Deux documents syriaques du IIIe siècle ap. J.-C., provenant du Moyen Euphrate" in Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions

et Belles-Lettres, 134ᵉ année 1990, p.144-166

Teixidor, Javier: "Les derniers rois d'Edesse d'après deux nouveaux documents syriaques", in ZPE 76, 1989, p.219-222

Changes

2021.10.04 initial version

Hewia

Aryu (Arjaw, Orhai)

Ma'zur

king of Osrhoene 132-127 (5 years)

name is eponym of city

king of Osrhoene 139/8-134/3 (5 yrs)

Gebar'u

Abdu

king of Osrhoene 127-120 (7 years)

Nabataean name

king of Osrhoene 134/3-127/6 (5 yrs)

Fradast (Phradasht)

king of Osrhoene 120-115 (5 years)

king of Osrhoene 127/6-122/1 (5 yrs)

Bakru I

king of Osrhoene 115-112 (3 years)

king of Osrhoene 122/1-119/8 (3 yrs)

Bakru II

king of Osrhoene 112-94 (17 years 4 months alone)

king of Osrhoene 94-92 (2 years 8 months with Abgar I and Ma'nu I)

king of Osrhoene 119/8-99/8 (20 yrs)

RE1

Abgar I Piqa (the stammerer or mute)

Ma'nu I

co-king 94-92 (2 years 4 months)

co-king 94

king of Osrhoene 92-68 (alone 23 years 5 months)

4 months

king of Osrhoene 99/8-75 (23 yrs 5 months)

king of Osrhoene 75-75/4 (4 months)

RE2

Abgar II Ariamnes

king of Osrhoene 68-53 (15 years)

king of Osrhoene 75/4-49 (25 years, 9 mon)

deposed by Orodes II of Parthia 53

interregnum under Parthia 53-52

Ma'nu II Allaha

Abgar

Pacorus (Paqor, Paquiri)

king of Osrhoene 52-34 ( 18 years 5 months)

king of Osrhoene 49-34 (15 yrs)

king of Osrhoene 34-29 (5 years)

king of Osrhoene 33-15/4 (18 yrs, 5 mon)

interregnum under Parthia 34-33

king of Osrhoene 15/4-10/9 (5 yrs)

RE3

RE4

Abgar III

Abgar IV Sumaqa (The Red)

king of Osrhoene 29-26 (3 years)

king of Osrhoene 26-23 (3 years)

king of Osrhoene 10/9-7/6 (3 yrs)

king of Osrhoene 7/6-4/3 (3 yrs)

Ma'nu III Saflul (Safalou = Aristolochia)

Abgar Hewara (The White)

king of Osrhoene 23-4 BC (18 years 7 months)

king of Osrhoene Nov 25-31/2 (6 years)

king of Osrhoene 4/3 BC-16 AD (18 yrs, 7 mon)

uncle of Abgar V Ukkama

~ Augustina

RE5

Abgar V Ukkama (The Black)

Ma'nu IV

king of Osrhoene 4 BC-7 AD (10 years)

king of Osrhoene 7-13 AD (6 years)

and 13-50 AD (37 years 1 month), attested 49

king of Osrhoene 16-22 AD

king of Osrhoene c.22-Nov 25 AD and 31/2-65/6

~ Shalmath of Osrhoene dt of Mithridates

?? ~ Queen Helena of Adiabene

Ma'nu V

Ma'nu VI

king of Osrhoene 50-57 (7 years)

king of Osrhoene 57-71 (14 years)

king of Osrhoene 65/6-67/8 (2 years)

king of Osrhoene 67/8-81/2 (14 years)

~ dt of Izates II, king of Adiabene

RE6

O156 RE2

Awde

Abgar VI

Izates (Ezed)

Osroes I

king of Osrhoene 71-91 (20 years)

king of W. Parthia 108/9-127/8

~ Meherdetes

king of Osrhoene 81/2-101/2 (20 years)

deposed by Rome 116-117

(Mithridates)

attested 88/89

king of Armenia 72/76

A6 RE7

P132

RE1

Sanatruces (Sanatruk)

Abgar VII

Ma'nu VII

Yalur (Yalud, Jalud)

Ilud Parthamaspates

king of Armenia c.75-109/110

king of Osrhoene Nov 109-Aug 116

king of Osrhoene 123-139

co-king of Osrhoene 118-122

king of Parthia 116-117 installed by Trajan

king of Osrhoene 91-109

(6 years 9 months)

(16 years 8 months)

(3 years 10 months)

co-king of Osrhoene 118-122 (3 years 10 months)

not in Elias' list

king of Osrhoene 101/2-c.108 (6 yrs 9 mon)

king of Osrhoene

not in Elias' list

installed by Hadrian, sole king 122-123 (10 months)

↓

interregnum under Rome 116-118

125/6-165/6 (40 yrs)

Roman occupied under Parthian overlordship

see Parthia

interregnum under Rome c.108-110

with Parthamaspates as ruler 116-121/2

king of Osrhoene 110-116

king of Osrhoene 121/2-125/6 (3 years 10 months)

M169

RE8

Arbandes

Ma'nu VIII Philoromaios

Sahru

Abgar

~~Abgar VIII~~

son, became favorite

Mannos in Greek

king mention c.155

~~king of Osrhoene 165-167~~

of Trajan

king of Osrhoene 138/9-162/3 and 164/5-176/7

or = Manu VIII

~~(2 years)~~

† c.115/116

(ruled 24 and 12 years)

if Abgar is generic name

does not exist

exiled in Rome 162/3-164/5

king of Osrhoene 165/6-177/8 (12 yrs)

RE9

Abgar VIII the Great

Wa'el

L. Aelius Aurelius Septimius Abgarus

king of Osrhoene 162/3-164/5 (2 years)

king of Osrhoene 176/7-211/2

installed by Parthians

(ruled 35 years)

king of Osrhoene (2 yrs) during 125/6-165/6

converted to Christianity c.200 (disputed)

king of Osrhoene 177/8-212 (35 yrs)

A9 A10? RE10

A787

Abgar IX Severus

Antoninus

Abgar

Abgar Sapira (the beautiful)

L. Aelius Aurelius Septimius Abgarus

or son of Abgar IX

king of Osrhoene 218/9-220/1

king of Osrhoene 211/2-212/3

? = Ma'nu IX

ruled 1 year, 7 months

buried the Abgar aged 26

deposed by Caracalla 213/214

† aged 26 (A10) if this king,

Osrhoene became Roman province Jan 214

king of Osrhoene 212-213

M171

Ma'nu IX

titular king of Osrhoene 212/3-238/9 214-240? (26 years)

but excluding city of Edessa, now a Roman colonia, founded 213

called crown prince (pasgriba)

ornamenta consularia,

king of Osrhoene 213-218/9+220/1-239 (total 26 yrs)

S428

A11 R

Abgar X Frahad (Phraates)

Salmath (Shalmath)

Aelius Septimius Abgarus

dt of Ma'nu IX

king of Osrhoene 239/240-240/1

annexed to Sassanid monarchy

king of Osrhoene 239- c.241/2

interregnum 241-248 end of kingdom 248

~ Hodda

S464 Hach258 LP30-67a

===

S465 Bar2100 Hach257

S466 Hach10 LP26-246

L. Septimius Mannus

P. Aelius Septimius Mannus

clar vir from Selge,

clar vir, mention in concilium of Hisp Cit.

clar vir, consularis,

in Pamphylia

? iuridicus Hisp Cit, 3rd century

praeses (leg Aug pro pr) Phrygia et Caria 250/260

procos Lycia et Pamphylia

? ~ Fulvia Procula, clar fem, F566

mid 3rd century

AE1990-981 gives

praenomen Lucius

Literature

Alföldy: Fasti Hispanienses (1969) p.111 (L. Septimius Mannus, probably iuridicus in Hisp Cit 3rd century)

Herz Peter: "P. Aelius Septimius Mannus. A Governor of the 3rd Century AD and his Origins", in Piotre Briks (ed.): Elites in the Ancient World, Szczezin, 2015,

p.183-188 (NOTAVAILABLE TO ME)

ÖZÜSAĞLAM-MUTLU, Zeynep: "Principatus devri’ned Lykia ve Pamphylia Kökenli Roma Senatörleri", Istanbul, 2013, p.86-87 (§P33 L. Septimius Mannus

with both S464 and S465 being the same man)

Roueché, Charlotte M.: "A New Governor of Caria-Phrygia: P. Aelius Septimius Mannus", in Splendidissima Civitas. études d'histoire romaine en hommage

à François Jacques, 1996, p.231-239 (very likely a descendant of the royal house of Osrhoene)