VIIII (IX) Hispana		Update	2016-11-13
Sources
1	Real-Encyclopädie article Legio by Ritterling	p.1664-1670
2	Birley, Eric: "The Fate of  the Ninth Legion", 1971, p.316-325, in Eric Birley "The Roman Army Papers 1929-1986", Amsterdam, 1988
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History	from 30 BC to 284 AD
Date	Action	Legionary HQ	Modern name	Province	Comment
58 BC	9th legion commanded by Caesar in Gaul
58-45	Caesar's Gallic and civil wars
46/45	legion demobilised and veterans received land
44 ?	reformed by Octavian from veterans
43	first mention in the III virs' entry in Rome
42	battle of Philippi				probably recived title Macedonica
30	based in Spain
27-19	Cantabrian Wars in Spain, from which it gained it's title			Hispania
post 19	served in the Balkans (Illyricum)	Aquileia	Aquileia	Italia
6-9 AD	Pannonian revolt
9	stationed in Pannonia			Pannonia
14	involved in mutiny after Augustus' death
20-23	Numidian campaign against Tacfarinas			Africa
24	returned to Pannonia	Siscia	Sisak in Croatia	Pannonia
43 AD	invasion of Britain			Britannia
c.43	stationed in Britain	Lindum	Lincoln	Britannia
69	a vexillation fought for Vitellius				1st battle of Bedriacum
c.71	moved North to Eburacum	Eburacum	York	Britannia
83	Domitian's Chatti war (vexillation)
84/85	Domitian's Dacian war (vexillation)
108	moved North to Carlisle (last formal attestation)	Luguvalium	Carlisle	Britannia
c.121	moved to Germania (possibly just a vexillation)	Noviomagus	Nijmegen	Germania Inferior
122	?? destroyed by Caledonians (hypothesis)				almost certainly disproved now
c.130	?? transferred to the East				evidence lacking
132-135	?? destroyed in 2nd Jewish revolt (hypothesis)				almost certainly disproved now
140	possibly attested
161	?? destroyed in Armenia (hypothesis))				Cassius Dio lxxx,2,1
162	not mentioned in list of all legions				ILS2288